What are the junk genes and why we have junk genes?

Question

What is genes? What are the junk genes?

What are the junk DNA? What are the noncoding and coding DNA?

How we all they different DNA code, even tough T and A, C and G always pair together? How we have different DNA? Can you help me understand this process? I am bilingual, so do not use hard English words. Thank you so much.

Answer 1

Ok, there is no such thing as junk genes, but we do have junk DNA.

Well, maybe that junk DNA can code for genes, and we would call them junk genes, but for now I will call it junk DNA (which is the actual DNA).

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Genes: genes contain coding regions of DNA, which are called exons, and non-coding regions called introns. The introns are spliced out during transcript processing, which is called splicing. When RNA polemerase comes in and makes a transcript  (pre-mRNA   -->mRNA), that will be translated into a protein. That is what a gene is in simple terms.

As I said above, we do not have junk genes, but we have junk DNA. They could from into proteins, but that is unknown at this time. You are correct in saying that DNA contains ATGC bases, which all DNA has. Junk DNA is nothing different from coding DNA, but is does nothing.

As a little note: 90% of our DNA is junk DNA and the rest of the DNA (10%) codes for proteins. You can see that we have a lot of junk DNA, but we do not know the reason why for it.

Coding regions = DNA that codes for proteins, exons

Non-coding regions = DNA that does not code for proteins, introns

good luck.

Answer 2

Parts of DNA are noncoding depending on what must be made from them. Like you have a computer with a bunch of programs, you only use what you need at the moment.

Also DNA has a noncoding poly-A tail. This part keeps the coding parts of DNA from being worn down. Maybe your studies aren't up to this yet.

As for why there ar so many different combos, there are billions of ways the A-T and C-G and arrange on DNA.