What are the propeties of crude and or refined oil????

Question

i need 2 know by tomorrow

Answer 1

Crude oil is a dark brown, almost black, liquid about the consistency of milk. It is essentially made up of hydrocarbons in the parrafin series of hydrocarbons. The formula for any parrafin is CnH2n+2. In other words a parrafin has 2 more than twice as many hydrogen atoms as Carbon atoms in a molecule. Example: Butane C4H10.

Heat and fractionation are used to separate the different paraffins from each other, some of which are finished products like asphalt, #6 fuel for ships, #2 fuel which is diesel, kerosene which is basic jet fuel, naptha which is the major ingredient in gasoline, butane, and propane. Some of these parrafins and others may go through other processes like chemical treatment or catalytic reactions involving high temperatures to make other hydrocarbons not in the parrafin series like benzene, xylene, and toluene, and other products that become ingredients in gasoline and special jet fuels. There you have it. Crude oil makes the world go 'round, sadly enough.

Answer 2

Petroleum-based oil describes a broad range of natural hydrocarbon-based substances and refined petroleum products, each having a different chemical composition. As a result, each type of crude oil and refined product has distinct physical properties, that affect the way oil spreads and breaks down, the hazard it may pose to marine and human life, and the likelihood that it will pose a threat to natural and man-made resources. For example, light refined products, such as gasoline and kerosene, spread on water surfaces and penetrate porous soils quickly. Fire and toxic hazards are high, but the products evaporate quickly and leave little residue. Alternatively, heavier refined oil products may pose a lesser fire and toxic hazard and do not spread on water as readily. Heavier oils are more persistent, however, and may present a greater remediation challenge.

The rate at which an oil spill spreads will determine its effect on the environment. Most oils tend to spread horizontally into a smooth and slippery surface, called a slick, on top of the water. Factors which affect the ability of an oil spill to spread include surface tension, specific gravity, and viscosity.

Surface tension is the measure of attraction between the surface molecules of a liquid. The higher the oil's surface tension, the more likely a spill will remain in place. If the surface tension of the oil is low, the oil will spread even without help from wind and water currents. Because increased temperatures can reduce a liquid's surface tension, oil is more likely to spread in warmer waters than in very cold waters.

Specific gravity is the density of a substance compared to the density of water. Since most oils are lighter than water, they lie flat on top of it. However, the specific gravity of an oil spill can increase if the lighter substances within the oil evaporate.

Viscosity is the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. The higher the viscosity of the oil, the greater the tendency for it to stay in one place.