What are the significant anatomical (skeletal) differences between primates and modern humans?

Question

Do primates have an additional set of metatarsals?

What is the functional purpose for these anatomical differences?

Answer 1

Modern humans ARE primates.  For comparative anatomy, you'd need to be more specific ... are we comparing to Great Apes?  Old World Monkeys?  New World Monkeys?  Lemurs?  Lorises?

All primates have the same number of metatarsals (5 per foot).  In hominins, however, the first metatarsal is thicker and stronger as a result of bipedalism.

Answer 2

Humans have locking knees and other features that enable us to walk bipedally, including a modified spine and different foot structure.  We also have a larger skull in proportion to the rest of our body which holds a larger brain.  This came after the change to bipedalism.

Technically, you should say "other primates"

Answer 3

I think the big difference is our hip is positioned for us to stand up right naturally unlike primates whos hip is like this  -----  and our hip is like this  ||

Answer 4

Our skulls are huge, so we can have big brains! Go encephilization!

Answer 5

Humans also have a speech canal (hyoid canal) inside the cranium which regulates are voluntary breathing, and allows us to intentionally speak, pause, and breath. I don't believe any other primates have this capacity...