What are the specialized organelles in the cytoplasm?

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Answer 1

Chloroplasts  for photosynthesis

Leucoplasts to store starch

Chromoplaststs to attract insects for pollination

Mitochondria for respiration

Centrioles for cell division

Lysosomes for digestion

Answer 2

What do you mean by "specialized organelles"? All organelles are specialized in their job.



Lysosomes: They are membrane bound structures filled with digestive juices that help to digest food. They are also called suicidal bags as they have the capacity to digest the dead or damaged cell to which the lysosome belongs.

Mitochondria: They are bound by a double membrane. The outer membrane is smooth and flat while the inner membrane is folded into structures called cristae - a feature that considerably increases the surface area. The inner cavity is filled by a fluid known as gel or matrix. Oxysomes are found on the cristae, while the gel contains phosphate granules and ribosomes. Mitochondria help in respiration. They break down food. Starch and sugar are completely broken down and the energy produced is used in synthesizing ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), an energy rich compound. They are the power houses of the cell.

Centrioles: They are for cell division. They help initiate the process.

Ribosomes: They are dense, sperical, granular structures made up of RNA (Ribo Nucliec Acid) and protein. They help to break down protien.

Endoplasmic Reticulum: They are fluid filled tubules or vesicles that are found throughout the cytoplasm. They are of two types-

1. Rough, with ribosomes attached; they synthesize proteins.

2. Smooth, with no ribosome; they synthesize lipids (fats).

ET acts as an intracellular transport system and give mechanical support to the cell.

Golgi Apparatus: They are sacs, vacuoles or tubes filled with digested matter. They store the food and dispatch it across the cytoplasm. They also help to form lysosomes and peroxisomes.

Vacuoles and plastids are only found in plants. Vacuoles are single membrane bound structures that store the results of metabolic activities and help in maintaining osmotic pressure. Plastids are bounded by double membrane without cristae. Stacks of sacs containing chlorophyll,etc. are embedded in the stroma or matrix. They are of three types-

1 - Chloroplast. It contains chlorophyll and helps in pnotosynthesis.

2 - Chromoplast. It contains red and yellow pigments.

3 - Eucoplast. It contains colourless molecules.