What are the steps involved in rainwater harvesting?

Question

What are the steps involved in rainwater harvesting?

Answer 1

1) prepare a storage container or facility for the rainwater you will be harvesting (barrel or cistern)

2) design a routing system to get the rainwater from where it drops (gutters , piping)

3)have a screen or filtering system  in place before the water gets into the storage container (screening )

4) make sure there is an overflow plan, and a way to get the water out to use as needed.

Answer 2

Rainwater harvesting

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View of a Johad at village Thathawata

View of a Johad at village Thathawata

View of a stepwell at Fatehpur, Shekhawati. This one featured in the movie Paheli

View of a stepwell at Fatehpur, Shekhawati. This one featured in the movie Paheli

Traditionally, rainwater harvesting has been practised in arid and semi-arid areas, and has provided drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation and a way to replenish ground water levels. This method may have been used extensively by the Indus Valley Civilization.

Currently in China and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practised for use for all the above purposes. Gansu province in China and semi-arid north east Brazil have the largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects ongoing.

Rainwater harvesting in urban areas can have manifold reasons. To provide supplemental water for the city's requirement, to increase soil moisture levels for urban greenery, to increase the ground water table through artificial recharge, to mitigate urban flooding and to improve the quality of groundwater are some of the reasons why rainwater harvesting can be adopted in cities. In urban areas of the developed world, at a household level, harvested rainwater can be used for flushing toilets and washing laundry. Indeed in hard water areas it is superior to mains water for this. It can also be used for showering or bathing. It may require treatment prior to use for drinking.

Two residences in the city of Toronto, Canada, use treated harvested rainwater for drinking water, and reuse water (i.e. treated wastewater) for all other household water applications including toilet flushing, bathing, showers, laundry, and garden irrigation (Toronto Healthy House).

In New Zealand, many houses away from the larger towns and cities routinely rely on rainwater collected from roofs as the only source of water for all household activities. This is almost inevitably the case for many holiday homes.

Contents

[hide]

    * 1 Systems

    * 2 Quality

    * 3 Notes and references

    * 4 Bibliography

    * 5 See also

    * 6 External links

[edit] Systems

There are many types of systems to harvest rainwater. The type used depends on physical and human considerations.

A mechanism can be used to send the initial water flow to waste, usually the first few liters. These are commonly known as 'first-flush' diverters, and are used to increase the chance that the large-particle residue that might accumulate on your collection surface is washed away from (and not into) your storage tank. Such a system also compensates for the fact that the initial minutes of a rainfall can include airborne pollutants being washed from the sky[citation needed], and likewise minimizes contamination of your captured supply. Simple but regular inspection and maintenance of such a device is usually necessary.

Not all catchment systems use such a feature. For example, rainwater in rural areas of Australia is traditionally used without such a system, and without treatment,[citation needed] but this may be unwise in different environments.

In India, reservoirs called tankas were used to store water; typically they were shallow with mud walls. Ancient tankas still exist in some places.[1]

Rainwater may also be used for groundwater recharge, where the runoff on the ground is collected and allowed to be absorbed, adding to the groundwater. In US, rooftop rainwater is collected and stored in sump.[2] In India this includes Bawdis and johads, or ponds which collect the run-off from small streams in wide area.[3][4]

[edit] Quality

As rainwater may be contaminated, it is often not considered suitable for drinking without treatment. However, there are many examples of rainwater being used for all purposes — including drinking — following suitable treatment.

Rainwater harvested from roofs can contain animal and bird f***s, mosses and lichens, windblown dust, particulates from urban pollution, pesticides, and inorganic ions from the sea (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4), and dissolved gases (CO2, NOx, SOx). High levels of pesticide have been found in rainwater in Europe the highest concentrations occurring in the first rain immediately after a dry spell;[5] the concentration of these and other contaminants are reduced significantly by diverting the initial flow of water to waste, as described above. The water may need to be analysed properly, and used in a way appropriate to its safety. In Gansu province, for example, harvested rainwater is boiled in parabolic solar cookers before being used for drinking.[citation needed] In Brazil alum and chlorine is added to disinfect water before consumption.[citation needed] Appropriate technology methods such as solar water disinfection, provide low-cost disinfection options for treatment of stored rainwater for drinking.

[edit] Notes and references

   1. ^ Rima Hooja: "Channeling Nature: Hydraulics, Traditional Knowledge Systems, And Water Resource Management in India – A Historical Perspective"

   2. ^ Rainwater Harvesting and Water Purification System.

   3. ^ The River maker, New Scientist, 7 September 2002. Online edition (full article by subscription)

   4. ^ Rima Hooja: "Channeling Nature: Hydraulics, Traditional Knowledge Systems, And Water Resource Management in India – A Historical Perspective"

Answer 3

The first step is collecting the rain water, like on a roof top. Then transporting the water,  like with a gutter and downspout.  The next step is storage of the water and there are several options here. You can collect in in a tank for your use, usually it is passed through a sand and gravel filter before storage.  It can be collected on an open pond or into pits or trenches to restore ground water, or into an existing well.

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