What are three layers of EARTH? geography students help me please?

Question

i am very weak in geo help me please

give your answer in points and in simple english like

1

2

3

4

5

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10

Answer 1

1.Crust

2.Mantle

3.Inner Core

4.Outer Core

Answer 2

1      Crust

   2       Mantle

    3     Core

Answer 3

there are three main layers of the Earth, which are called the mantle, the crust and the core.

However, the mantle is seperated into two other layers, called the astehnosphere and the lithosphere. The core can also be separated into two layers- the outer core and the inner core. Because of this, there can essentially be five layers.

(crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, inner core, outer core).

Below is a more detailed explaination of each:

1) The first and top layer is the continental crust, which is made of rock such as feldspar and quartz.

2) Below this, you have the lithosphere, which contains our seven main tectonic plates, all of which lie on another layer below this, which is called the Aesthenosphere.

3) The asthenosphere is a layer completely made up of molten lava and magma, and these liquids cause the lithosphere to move around (which can cause earthquakes or the formation of volcanoes)

4) Below this is the outer core, which is made up of iron and other elements.

5) Finally, you have the inner core- the absolute magnetic centre of our planet

check out these websites for more info:

Answer 4

the layours of the earth are

inner layer

outer layer

mantle

crust

Answer 5

Earth (pronounced [ˈɝːθ] (help·info))[6] is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the Earth, Planet Earth, the World, and Terra.[7]

Home to millions of species,[8] including humans, Earth is the only place in the universe where life is known to exist. Scientific evidence indicates that the planet formed 4.54 billion years ago,[9][10][11][12] and life appeared on its surface within a billion years. Since then, Earth's biosphere has significantly altered the atmosphere and other abiotic conditions on the planet, enabling the proliferation of aerobic organisms as well as the formation of the ozone layer which, together with Earth's magnetic field, blocks harmful radiation, permitting life on land.[13]

Earth's outer surface is divided into several rigid segments, or tectonic plates, that gradually migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of the surface is covered with salt-water oceans, the remainder consisting of continents and islands; liquid water, necessary for all known life, is not known to exist on any other planet's surface.[14][15] Earth's interior remains active, with a thick layer of relatively solid mantle, a liquid outer core that generates a magnetic field, and a solid iron inner core.

Earth interacts with other objects in outer space, including the Sun and the Moon. At present, Earth orbits the Sun once for every roughly 366.26 times it rotates about its axis. This length of time is a sidereal year, which is equal to 365.26 solar days.[16] The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.4° away from the perpendicular to its orbital plane,[17] producing seasonal variations on the planet's surface with a period of one tropical year (365.24 solar days). Earth's only known natural satellite, the Moon, which began orbiting it about 4.53 billion years ago, provides ocean tides, stabilizes the axial tilt and gradually slows the planet's rotation. A cometary bombardment during the early history of the planet played a role in the formation of the oceans.[18] Later, asteroid impacts caused significant changes to the surface environment

History

    Main article: History of Earth

    See also: Geological history of Earth

Scientists have been able to reconstruct detailed information about the planet's past. Earth and the other planets in the Solar System formed 4.54 billion years ago[9] out of the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun. Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object (sometimes called Theia) with about 10% of the Earth's mass[19] impacting the Earth in a glancing blow.[20] Some of this object's mass would have merged with the Earth and a portion would have been ejected into space, but enough material would have been sent into orbit to form the Moon.

Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice and liquid water delivered by asteroids and the larger proto-planets, comets, and trans-Neptunian objects produced the oceans.[18] The highly energetic chemistry is believed to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago, and half a billion years later, the last common ancestor of all life existed.[21]

The development of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by life forms; the resultant oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and resulted in a layer of ozone (a form of molecular oxygen [O3]) in the upper atmosphere. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes.[22] True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized the surface of Earth.[23]

Beginning with almost no dry land, the total amount of surface lying above the oceans has steadily increased. During the past two billion years, for example, the total size of the continents has doubled.[24] As the surface continually reshaped itself, over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke up. The continents migrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago (mya), the earliest known supercontinent, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–540 mya, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart 180 mya.[25]

Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that severe glacial action between 750 and 580 mya, during the Neoproterozoic, covered much of the planet in a sheet of ice. This hypothesis has been termed "Snowball Earth", and is of particular interest because it preceded the Cambrian explosion, when multicellular life forms began to proliferate.[26]

Following the Cambrian explosion, about 535 mya, there have been five mass extinctions.[27] The last extinction event occurred 65 mya, when a meteorite collision probably triggered the extinction of the (non-avian) dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but spared small animals such as mammals, which then resembled shrews. Over the past 65 million years, mammalian life has diversified, and several mya, an African ape-like animal gained the ability to stand upright.[28] This enabled tool use and encouraged communication that provided the nutrition and stimulation needed for a larger brain. The development of agriculture, and then civilization, allowed humans to influence the Earth in a short time span as no other life form had,[29] affecting both the nature and quantity of other life forms.

The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 mya, then intensified during the Pleistocene about 3 mya. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40–100,000 years. The last ice age ended 10,000 years ago.[30]

Composition and structure

    Main article: Earth science

    Further information: Earth physical characteristics tables

Earth is a terrestrial planet, meaning that it is a rocky body, rather than a gas giant like Jupiter. It is the largest of the four solar terrestrial planets, both in terms of size and mass. Of these four planets, Earth also has the highest density, the highest surface gravity and the strongest magnetic field.[31]

Shape

    Main article: Figure of the Earth

Size comparison of inner planets (left to right): Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Size comparison of inner planets (left to right): Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

The Earth's shape is very close to an oblate spheroid—a rounded shape with a bulge around the equator—although the precise shape (the geoid) varies from this by up to 100 meters.[32] The average diameter of the reference spheroid is about 12,742 km. More approximately the distance is 40,000 km/π because the meter was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the equator to the north pole through Paris, France.[33]

The rotation of the Earth creates the equatorial bulge so that the equatorial diameter is 43 km larger than the pole to pole diameter.[34] The largest local deviations in the rocky surface of the Earth are Mount Everest (8,848 m above local sea level) and the Mariana Trench (10,911 m below local sea level). Hence compared to a perfect ellipsoid, the Earth has a tolerance of about one part in about 584, or 0.17%, which is less than the 0.22% tolerance allowed in billiard balls.[35] Because of the bulge, the feature farthest from the center of the Earth is actually Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.[36]

Chemical composition

    See also: Abundance of elements on Earth

F. W. Clarke's Table of Crust Oxides Compound Formula Composition

silica SiO2 59.71%

alumina Al2O3 15.41%

lime CaO 4.90%

Magnesia MgO 4.36%

sodium oxide Na2O 3.55%

iron(II) oxide FeO 3.52%

potassium oxide K2O 2.80%

iron(III) oxide Fe2O3 2.63%

water H2O 1.52%

titanium dioxide TiO2 0.60%

phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 0.22%

Total 99.22%

The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98×1024 kg. It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%); with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to mass segregation, the core region is believed to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements.[37]

The geochemist F. W. Clarke calculated that a little more than 47% of the Earth's crust consists of oxygen. The more common rock constituents of the Earth's crust are nearly all oxides; chlorine, sulfur and fluorine are the only important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1%. The principal oxides are silica, alumina, iron oxides, lime, magnesia, potash and soda. The silica functions principally as an acid, forming silicates, and all the commonest minerals of igneous rocks are of this nature. From a computation based on 1,672 analyses of all kinds of rocks, Clarke deduced that 99.22% were composed of 11 oxides (see the table at right.) All the other constituents occur only in very small quantities.[38]

Internal structure

    Main article: Structure of the Earth

Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale.

Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale.

The interior of the Earth, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers. The Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liqui

Answer 6

its crust mantle and core

1.the core is the hottest part and is in the centre of the earth and everything is in the molten state

2. the mantle is a liitle cooler than core has solid rocks and water

3. the crust is the outer layer

Answer 7

crust, mantle, core

Answer 8

1.outercore

2.innercore

3.crust.

Answer 9

Crust

Mantle

Core

Answer 10

inner core outer core and crust? maybe?

Answer 11

the crust, the mantle, and the core.

The core is at the centre

followed by the mantle and then the crust.

The crust consists of two continental plates, the continents and the oceans.

I hope that answered your question.

Answer 12

there are 5 layers, i think

1. Crust

2. Asthenosphere

3. Mantle

4. Outer Core

5. Inner Core