What chemicals are released from plastics in a microwave? (Such as Tupperware) ?

Question

I have a multi-science background, so I'm a bit skeptical but able to receive explanations beyond layman's terms.

Thanks!

Answer 1

polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate and plasticizers

Answer 2

It depends on the plastic. I believe that tupperware is made of polyethelene, which to the best of my knowledge does not release any toxins unless it is burned. Since it is an insulator, it does not directly heat from the diathermic effect. On the other hand some containers made from polystyrene or polyvinyl often contain phenopthalene-based softening agents that are know to be toxic, and may be leached into the food when used to heat food in a microwave.

Answer 3

Most plastic food containers are made of either polyethylene, polypropylene or polycarbonate.

In a microwave polyethylene and polypropylene will not out gas or release any other chemical.  Neither are hygroscopic so they do not even release water vapor.  These materials are  very solvent resistant so even chemicals  found in the food will not attack them.

Because of incomplete polymerization polycarbonate may release bis-phenol.  Additionally, polycarbonate is susceptible to attack by aromatic hydrocarbons, which may be naturally present in food.  This may also  lead to release  of  the bis phenol monomer.

Other materials used for disposable containers (such as trays for frozen food) are made from ethylene based co polyesters, (PET PETG, PCTG. PETE) which again are stable and do not out gas or  otherwise release chemicals.

One thing which could happen is a mechanical release of the polymer due to stirring or cutting of  the food.