What does suburb mean?What is meant by NCR delhi?

Question

What does suburb mean?What is meant by NCR delhi?

Answer 1

Satalite town ship in and around a Metro city, National Capital Region, to de congest delhi if one can say that, though the towns are in other states but would have direct travel connections and goverment would have its offices.

Answer 2

Suburbs are inhabited districts located either inside a town or city's limits or just outside its official limits (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation.

The presence of certain elements (whose definition varies amongst urbanists, but usually refers to some basic services and to the territorial contiguity) identifies a suburb as a peripheral populated area with a certain autonomy, where the density of habitation is usually lower than in an inner city area, though state or municipal house building will often cause departures from that organic gradation. Suburbs have typically grown in areas with an abundance of flat land near a large urban zone, usually with dispersed, less focused or nonexistent city center and with transport technology that allows commuting into more densely populated areas with higher levels of commerce.

NCR Delhi is National Capital Region of Delhi. -

Delhi has the political status of a federally-administered union territory known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Under a Constitutional amendment in 1991, Delhi was given its own legislative assembly with limited powers. The metropolis consists of three coterminous census towns – Delhi, Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi – along with 214 villages.

Delhi has four major satellite cities which lie outside the National Capital Region of Delhi. These are Gurgaon and Faridabad (in Haryana), and NOIDA and Ghaziabad (in Uttar Pradesh).

The National Capital Region (NCR) in India is an informal name for the connurbation or metropolitan area which encompasses the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi as well as the neighbouring satellite towns of Faridabad and Gurgaon in Haryana, and Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh.

Answer 3

Suburb means the place which is just outside the city. For example Mumbai is a City and Navi Mumbai is a suburb of Mumbai. NCR includes Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, and Ghaziabad.

Answer 4

Suburbs are inhabited districts located either inside a town or city's limits or just outside its official limits (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation.

The presence of certain elements (whose definition varies amongst urbanists, but usually refers to some basic services and to the territorial contiguity) identifies a suburb as a peripheral populated area with a certain autonomy, where the density of habitation is usually lower than in an inner city area, though state or municipal house building will often cause departures from that organic gradation. Suburbs have typically grown in areas with an abundance of flat land near a large urban zone, usually with dispersed, less focused or nonexistent city center[1] and with transport technology that allows commuting into more densely populated areas with higher levels of commerce.

Etymology

The word "suburb" is derived from the Old French "subb urbe" and ultimately from the Latin "suburbium," formed from "sub," meaning "under," and "urbis," meaning "wall" or "walled city." The first recorded usage, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, comes from Wycliffe in 1380, where the form "subarbis" is used.

In the United States, Canada and most of Western Europe the word "suburb" usually refers to a separate municipality, borough or unincorporated area outside a central town or city. This definition is evident, for example, in the title of David Rusk's book Cities Without Suburbs (ISBN 0-943875-73-0 ), which promotes metropolitan government; in the UK, much of this pattern dates to Margaret Thatcher's reforms of 1985. US colloquial usage sometimes shortens the term to "'burb" (with or without the apostrophe), and "The Burbs" first appeared as a term for the suburbs of Chicagoland.

This division is not as prevalent in Ireland and the United Kingdom, where "suburb" refers to residential neighbourhoods outside of the city centre.

In the United States, the word "suburb" is often used to refer to a "bedroom community" where most of the residents do not work in their own town, i.e. they commute to a nearby city for work.

In Australia and New Zealand, the term "suburb" can be used in two different ways:

Officially, a suburb is an address subdivision, used by the postal service as well as less formally. Note that while the suburb boundaries are often aligned with local government boundaries, this is not necessarily the case, and there are cases where a single suburb is divided between two or more local government regions. Under this definition, the city CBD is itself considered a "suburb".

Less formally, the suburbs is used to refer only to the sprawling, lower-density outer areas of a city. While these areas are usually within municipalities other than the primary city (such as the City of Melville, Western Australia), inhabitants of these areas generally identify with the central city, and often consider themselves to be inhabitants of the central city.

In Australia, the key commercial element - commuting to work - was not present in the initial rise of suburbs, although it would appear during the 20th century. The term suburb, as used in Australia, reflects this, and thus can have an ambiguous meaning to non-Australians.

The terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density suburbs with close proximity to the CBD, and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. Inner suburbs, such as Te Aro in Wellington, Prahran in Melbourne and Ultimo in Sydney, are usually characterised by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas. Also, because of the natural metropolitan outward growth, the inner suburbs are generally older than the outer suburbs. Outer suburbs are generally structured with large areas of low density housing interspersed with monolithic shopping centres.

[edit] History

As long as there have been cities, there have been suburbs.[citation needed] Some urban activities have always been located outside the city. Even in ancient Mesopotamia, such activities as slaughterhouses, furnaces, and other undesirable enterprises were located outside the defensive walls, away from the masses of citizens. The ancient Romans called these areas suburbium, or “under or outside the wall.” A common form of suburb found near the ancient or classical city was the port or dockyard. These communities were often located away from the central walled city, yet totally dependent on that city. Ancient Athens had Piraeus while ancient Rome had Ostia, and similar examples are found in classical China. A another classical example of a suburb was Rome’s suburb of Tivoli, a sort of classical version of the Hamptons or Westchester County outside New York City. In Tivoli, many of Rome’s wealthy elite owned large estates where they would escape the urban crowds. Residents would sacrifice the safety of the citywalls in favor of peace, quiet and space. A permanent population developed to support these estates, yet Tivoli was completely dependent on Rome and many wealthy elite commuted to Rome for business or politics.[citation needed]

Throughout the classical, medieval, and Renaissance worlds, whenever a suburb would grow sufficiently dense and populated, new walls were built around the area, an old-fashioned version of annexation. A common practice found in 16th to 19th century Europe was for a wealthy suburb of large mansions to develop on one side of the central city, while an industrial, working-class suburb would develop on the other side. An example of this would be London, where the wealthy Westminster was to the west of the City of London while the working-class suburbs and docklands were on the east. London is also illustrative of how suburban, over time, becomes urban. No one would now call Westminster, home to the Houses of Parliament, Piccadilly Circus, and the West End Theater district, a suburb; yet that is precisely what it was in the 18th century.[citation needed]

The suburbs and more distinct settlements around a town or city may look towards the urban area for goods, services and employment opportunities. That wider area may be called the hinterland of the town or a "city region". In the era before motorised travel, the radius of the hinterland roughly coincided with the distance that livestock could be herded to and from a market during daylight hours. In lowland areas, without severe geographic barriers to movement, a spacing of towns between 15 and 20 miles (24 and 32 km) is therefore quite common. Suburbs with a healthier environment are often found upwind of those parts of a town or city where heavy industry was first established. [citation needed] Naturally, the suburbs suffering air pollution tended to be cheaper and hence tend to be occupied by those with lower incomes.

The growth of suburbs was further facilitated by the development of zoning laws, redlining and various innovations in transport. In the older cities of the northeast U.S., streetcar suburbs originally developed along train or trolley lines that could shuttle workers into and out of city centers where the jobs were located. This practice gave rise to the term bedroom community or dormitory, meaning that most daytime business activity took place in the city, with the working population leaving the city at night for the purpose of going home to sleep.

The growth in the use of trains, and later automobiles and highways, increased the ease with which workers could have a job in the city while commuting in from the suburbs. In the United Kingdom, railways stimulated the first mass exodus to the suburbs. The Metropolitan Railway, for example, was active in building and promoting its own housing estates in the north-west of London - consisting mostly of detached houses on large plots - which it then marketed as "Metroland". [citation needed] As car ownership rose and wider roads were built, the commuting trend accelerated as in North America. This trend towards living away from towns and cities has been termed the urban exodus.

Zoning laws also contributed to the location of residential areas outside of the city center by creating wide areas or "zones" where only residential buildings were permitted. These suburban residences are built on larger lots of land than in the urban city. For example, the lot size for a residence in Chicago is usually 125 feet (38 m) deep, while the width can vary from 14 feet (4 m) wide for a row house to 45 feet (14 m) wide for a large standalone house. [citation needed] In the suburbs, where standalone houses are the rule, lots may be 85 feet (26 m) wide by 115 feet (35 m) deep, as in the Chicago suburb of Naperville. [citation needed] Manufacturing and commercial buildings were segregated in other areas of the city.

Increasingly, due to the congestion and pollution experienced in many city centers (accentuated by the commuters' vehicles), more people moved out to the suburbs.[citation needed] Moving along with the population, many companies also located their offices and other facilities in the outer areas of the cities. This has resulted in increased density in older suburbs and, often, the growth of lower density suburbs even further from city centers. An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of "new towns" and the protection of green belts around cities. Some social reformers attempted to combine the best of both concepts in the Garden city movement. [citation needed]

In the United States, urban areas have often grown faster than city boundaries since the 18th century. Until the 1900s, new neighborhoods usually sought or accepted annexation to the central city to obtain city services. In the 20th century, however, many suburban areas began to see independence from the central city as an asset. In some cases, suburbanites saw self-government as a means to keep out people they considered undesirable, such as immigrants and African Americans. Federal subsidies for suburban development accelerated this process as did the practice of redlining by banks and other lending institutions.[2] Cleveland, Ohio is typical of many American central cities; its municipal borders have changed little since 1922, even though the Cleveland urbanized area has grown many times over.[citation needed] Several layers of suburban municipalities now surround cities like Cleveland, Chicago and Philadelphia.

While suburbs had originated far earlier, the suburban population in North America exploded after World War II. Returning veterans wishing to start a settled life moved en masse to the suburbs. Between 1950 and 1956 the resident population of all US suburbs increased by 46%. [citation needed] Levittown developed as a major prototype of mass-produced housing. During the same period of time, African-Americans were rapidly moving north for better jobs and educational opportunities than they could get in the segregated South, and their arrival in Northern cities en masse further stimulated white suburban migration, a phenomenon known as white flight. [citation needed]

In the U.S., 1950 was the first year that more people lived in suburbs than elsewhere. (1) In the U.S, the development of the skyscraper and the sharp inflation of downtown real estate prices also led to downtowns being more fully dedicated to businesses, thus pushing residents outside the city centre. By 1980 this was often perceived as undesirable, extending travel times and adding to people's sense of isolation and fear in central areas outside trading hours. [citation needed]

[edit] Suburbs today

[edit] United States

Typically, many post-World War II American suburbs have been characterized by:

Lower densities than central cities, with single-family homes predominating.

Zoning patterns that separate residential and commercial development, as well as different intensities and densities of development.

Subdivisions carved from previously rural land into multiple-home developments built by a single real estate company.

Shopping malls and strip malls instead of a downtown shopping district.

Streets lined by off-street car parking and vegetation instead of buildings.

A predominantly white or middle- or upper-class population, with a few exceptions (e.g., Ford Heights, Illinois, a predominantly black working-class suburb of Chicago).

A road network designed to conform to a hierarchy, including residential streets that curve and often end in culs-de-sac, in place of the grid pattern common to most central cities and pre-World War II suburbs.

Ready access to freeways or tollways.

Limited access to public transit.

The importance of public space reduced in favor of private property.

Low crime rate.

Schools considered "better" than inner-city schools[citation needed]

A lack of arts and cultural institutions[citation needed]

Governance split between local town governments and homeowners associations (especially in newer developments)

Clean water and reliable electricity

More wildlife habitat than is found in the city, and more areas set aside as nature preserves. However the suburbs, have less wildlife habitat than rural areas.

All or most homes in the suburbs are built to reduce costs; homes can be be built from pre-determined plans, or entire neighborhoods can be color-coordinated if desired.



A suburban development in San Jose, California.Some suburban areas have developed their own large clusters of office and retail buildings, usually in a business park setting. These areas, such as Tysons Corner, Virginia and Parsippany, New Jersey, are sometimes referred to as "edge cities", a term invented by journalist Joel Garreau. Edge cities differ from traditional downtowns in that they are automobile-centric rather than reliant on public transportation.

[edit] Controversy

Suburbs were an opportunity for families who sought an alternative to the crowding and the recently racially integrated schools found in American inner cities[3]. Development activity in suburbs was enabled by innovations in transportation as well as public subsidies that bore the cost of infrastructure such as freeways, water and electricity. The trend toward suburban sprawl advanced through the advent of mass-produced inexpensive automobiles and the availability of unprecedented amounts of energy in the form of carbon fuels. Suburban growth was encouraged through lending practices that made buying suburban homes less expensive, such as the government-sponsored low interest-rate mortgages available only in suburbs[4]. Development was further aided by redlining[5][6] and mortgage discrimination by banks which prevented significant investment in inner cities during the suburban boom.

In recent years, suburban "sprawl", a term for poorly planned suburban growth, has become an increasingly important issue in American politics.

Critics of suburbanization say suburban growth may:

Lead to the decay of central cities and their downtowns, which are left without a base of nearby middle-class residents.

Quickly destroy cropland, displace nature, and consume attractive countryside.

Increase traffic at the central area.

Cause a decline in the public's health, since buildings in suburbs are often so far apart that driving is the only way to get from one place to another.

Be costly, due to the new infrastructure required for development, paid by the existing urban area.

Provide a limited set of housing choices.

Build more soul-less places with no distinct identity or feeling of community.

Increase ethnic violence in the inner-city[7].

In response to these concerns, a socio-political movement called "New Urbanism" or "Smart Growth" is currently has risen to prominence in the U.S. This movement among city planners, builders, and architects holds that denser, more city-like communities with zoning laws designed to encourage mixed-use buildings are desirable and may foster a better sense of community among residents. Some of these communities seek to reduce car-dependency wherever possible, since residents ideally would not need to commute as far, or at least not need perform every errand by car. This movement has resulted in both the construction of new developments that embody these principles, and renovation of areas in existing city centers for new residential and commercial activities.

However, automobile-dependent suburbs remain the norm. Indeed, many of the fastest-growing communities in the U.S. are exurbs—communities even farther away and lower-density than suburbs.

Some people have criticized not only the character of suburbs but the framework of local government and state and federal laws that encourage them to proliferate. Metropolitanism is the idea that entire metro areas should work together, instead of being divided into many competing municipalities. One American metro area often cited as an example of metropolitanism at work is Portland, Oregon, which has the country's only directly elected metropolitan government. Some other cities, notably Indianapolis, Indiana and Jacksonville, Florida, have merged with some of their suburbs to form consolidated local governments.

[edit] Canada



Suburban housing developments near Markham, Ontario.Urban development in Canada has largely paralleled development in the United States. After World War II, large bedroom communities of single-family homes and shopping centers sprouted on the outskirts of Canadian cities.

However, Canada has far fewer suburban municipalities than the U.S. does. Many large cities, such as Winnipeg, Calgary and Ottawa, extend all the way to the countryside. Canadian provincial governments often take the question of municipal boundaries into their own hands and impose city-suburb mergers. The Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver areas still have suburban municipalities, although their suburban areas are generally grouped into fewer cities than is typical in the U.S. Ontario created a "metropolitan" government for the Toronto area in 1954, but the urbanized area has since grown well beyond it. [citation needed]

Today, Toronto has some of the largest suburban municipalities in North America, with more than three quarters of a million people living in Mississauga alone. Many Toronto suburbs have significantly improved on the suburban philosophy, adding a downtown to many suburban centres (Markham, Brampton, Scarborough, North York etc.) Canadian suburbs are generally more ethnically diverse than American suburbs, adding more uniqueness to each sub-city. [citation needed]

[edit] Other countries



The working class suburb Tensta north of Stockholm, Sweden.In many parts of the globe, however, suburbs are economically poor areas, inhabited by people sometimes in real misery, keeping them at the limit of the city borders for economic or social reasons like the impossibility of affording the (usually higher) costs of life in the town. An example in the developed world would be the banlieues of France, or the concrete suburbs of Sweden, which are comparable to the inner cities of the US.

In the UK, the government is seeking to impose minimum densities on newly approved housing schemes in parts of southeast England. The new catchphrase is 'building sustainable communities' rather than housing estates. However, commercial concerns tend to r****d the opening of services until a large number of residents have occupied the new neighbourhood.

In the Third World, such slum areas are often irregularly built or managed, with individualistic, unregulated building and other forms of social or legal disorder. It has been said that this would be sometimes a case of spontaneous or psychological apartheid. In some cases inhabitants just live off the waste materials produced by the city (like, increasingly, around new African towns) and usually in such situations suburbs and houses are roughly built, often not even in the traditional building materials, as seen for example in the bidonvilles. Often nomads settle their camps in suburbs. The occupiers of more industrialised or longer-lasting homes may refer to such suburbs as "shanty towns".

In the illustrative case of Rome, Italy, in the 1920s and 1930s, suburbs were intentionally created ex novo in order to give lower classes a destination, in consideration of the actual and foreseen massive arrival of poor people from other areas of the country. Many critics have seen in this development pattern (that was circularly distributed in every direction) also a quick solution to a problem of public order (keeping the unwelcome poorest classes - together with criminals, in this way better controlled - comfortably remote from the elegant "official" town). On the other hand, the expected huge expansion of the town soon effectively covered the distance from the central town, and now those suburbs are completely engulfed by the main territory of the town, and other newer suburbs were created at a further distance from them.

NCR

Delhi's metropolitan area, known as the National capital region (NCR) encompasses the entire NCR as well as the neighboring satellite towns of Faridabad and Gurgaon in Haryana, and NOIDA and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh.

The genesis of the National Capital Region lies in the recommendations of the first Master Plan for Delhi (MPD) notified in 1962 wherein, a broad area consisting of the Union Territory of Delhi and a few ring towns around it was conceived for being developed as a metropolitan region to reduce the population pressure on Delhi.

The territory is not classified as a true Union territory, though the Central Government does have limited control over the functioning of the territory much like other Union territories. Delhi is to eventually become a full fledged state.

NCT (National Capital Territory) was also established with a dream to making areas surrounding Delhi, developed. Most of these areas were earlier small under developed villages and towns which have now turned into world class shopping malls and residential areas. These areas were developed with a view to relocate people coming to Delhi from different parts of the country.

NCT Delhi 1,483 sq km

Haryana 13,413 sq km

Rajasthan 4,493 sq km

Uttar Pradesh 10,853 sq km.

Total 30,242 sq km  

.. Noida

.. Ghaziabad

  

.. Gurgaon

.. Faridabad

  

.. Bahadurgarh