What happens when light passes through an object?

Answer 1

Not much. the light passes through, no effects there, and the object is transparent. If only some of the light passes through, you get the frosted or any other means of not getting the exact image from the other side. This is Translucency, like your bathroom window. If no light passes through, we have opaque. Cant see through it basically.

Summary

If light passes through an object, it does just that. We can see through the object in claraty depending on the amount of light passing through.