What is industrial backwardness?

Question

What is industrial backwardness?

Answer 1

It is Russian history. They have the record for trying to catch up with the West---over 300 years of it since Peter the Great.

Answer 2

It's the state of lagging behind the rest of the world's industrial  progress.  It's a function of the political policies of a country--economic, domestic, etc.

Answer 3

That is like a society which still manufactures a good by hand, is backwards compared to a society which manufactures goods by assembly line, which comparatively is backwards to a society which manufactures goods by machinery.

Answer 4

From wiki:

he backwardness model is a theory of economic growth created by Alexander Gerschenkron. The model postulates that the more backward an economy is at the outset of economic development, the more likely certain conditions are to occur.

The more backward the economy:

    * The more likely intervention by special institutions will be necessary to properly channel physical capital and human capital to industries. Special institutions include banks, as in the moderately-backward Germany, or the state, as in the severely-backward Russia.

    * The greater the emphasis on the production of producer goods than consumer goods.

    * The greater the emphasis on capital-intensive production rather than labor-intensive production.

    * The greater the scale of production and enterprise.

    * The greater the reliance on borrowed rather than indigenous technologies.

    * The smaller the role of the agricultural sector as a market for new industries.

    * The greater the reliance on productivity growth."

Hope this helps