What is it called when a smaller symbol represents a larger theme or novel in literature? ?

Question

I am writing an essay and cant remember the word for it...I am discussing how a symbolic item in the novel 1984 is compared to a characters world/overall life situation

Answer 1

symbolism, personification, represents?

Answer 2

Symbolism.

Or, if the object is repeated throughout the novel, it's often called a "motif."

Answer 3

A symbol is a sign  = signifier = signified....

technically that is the answer.