What is reverce osmosis?

Question

DM water process

Answer 1

Reverse osmosis.

First of all, osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, usually through a selectively permeable membrane.  That's why your fingertips shrivel up when you swim too long in the ocean.  This process does not require energy expenditure by the organism, because it is a special type of diffusion.

Reverse osmosis, then, is the movement of water molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.  This requires an input of energy. Water purification uses this process.

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Answer 2

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a separation process that uses pressure to force a solution through a membrane that retains the solute on one side and allows the pure solvent to pass to the other side. More formally, it is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure. This is the reverse of the normal osmosis process, which is the natural movement of solvent from an area of low solute concentration, through a membrane, to an area of high solute concentration when no external pressure is applied. The membrane here is semipermeable, meaning it allows the passage of solvent but not of solute. This phenomenon is commonly noticed in case of the water falling from the leaves of a tree.

The membranes used for reverse osmosis have a dense barrier layer in the polymer matrix where most separation occurs. In most cases the membrane is designed to allow only water to pass through this dense layer while preventing the passage of solutes (such as salt ions). This process requires that a high pressure be exerted on the high concentration side of the membrane, usually 2–17 bar (30–250 psi) for fresh and brackish water, and 40–70 bar (600–1000 psi) for seawater, which has around 24 bar (350 psi) natural osmotic pressure which must be overcome.

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