What is stated in Bose-Einstein statistics about the fomation of BEC?

Question

What is stated in Bose-Einstein statistics about the fomation of BEC?

what is stated in Bose-Einstein statistics about the fomation of BEC?

Answer 1

"Condensates" are extremely low-temperature fluids which contain properties and exhibit behaviors that are currently not completely understood, such as spontaneously flowing out of their containers. The effect is the consequence of quantum mechanics, which states that since continuous spectral regions can typically be neglected, systems can almost always acquire energy only in discrete steps. If a system is at such a low temperature that it is in the lowest energy state, it is no longer possible for it to reduce its energy, not even by friction. Without friction, the fluid will easily overcome gravity because of adhesion between the fluid and the container wall, and it will take up the most favorable position, all around the container.

A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (0 K, −273.15 °C, or −459 °F ). Under such supercooled conditions, a large fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state of the external potential, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale.

Answer 2

I'm not sure the type of answer you want.

Bose-Einstein statistics apply to bosons (for example, photons and gluons), which, unlike fermions, are not subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. At very low temperatures, multiple bosons can occupy the same quantum state at the same time, allowing bosons to amass at the same lowest-energy state and lie exactly on top of each other. This "Borg-collective" feature is what is responsible for the behavior of lasers and super-fluid helium.

Fermions (for example, electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks, and neutrinos), on the other hand, are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle -- only one fermion can exist in a given quantum state. For this reason, fermions resist being placed close to each other, which results in a type of rigidness and is why fermions are considered to be particles of matter.

The following is an animated, colorized GIF showing an actual cloud of atoms cooling down and condensing