What is the difference between dynamic and static electricity?

Question

What is the difference between dynamic and static electricity?

Answer 1

Static Electricity is only charge, 'q' in Coulombs. It sends out lines of force (electric flux) radially outwards if it is '+q' or the lines of force terminate on it if it is '-q'. A charge is capable of independent existence. In other words it does not need the existence of a counter-charge even at 'infinity'. Since the lines of force pass thru' a sphere of unit radius of are '4pi' square units. It is assumed that a unit charge sends out (or receives) '4pi' flux lines. In the rationalised MKS (RMKS) system of units the flux line passing thru' a sphere enclosing a charge as

1 unit of flux lines. This makes 'Gauss' divergent theorem proof' convenient.

It is a mathematical abstraction.

In practice charge moves, constituting a current (I). Current is '1 Ampere' for 1 coulomb of charge moving at a uniform speed in 1 second. The distance thru' which it moves or its path are of no consequence. A current constitutes a magnetic field (H). At 1 meter (perpendicular distance) from a 1Ampere current the magnetic field is defined as 1 Oersted intensity. So

H = I/meter.

Unlike electric charges, magnetic elements called magnetic poles come in pairs. For every one kind of magnetic pole ('North') pole another pole of a reverse kind ('South') pole needs to be accounted for in the space, so that the enclosed space of the pair neither emits nor receives magnetic flux lines over the surface of enclosure. Or as per Gauss' divergence theorem

Divergence H = 0 over the enclosed space. This is not so in the case of electric field

Divergence E = (charge in the enclosure)/ (permittivity of the medium containing the charge). In other words, (electric) charge in an enclosed volume can be defined as the devergence of the electric field in that volume, an 'inverse' definition of electric charge.

From this it can be inferred that electric field and magnetic field (and their respective lements called cahrges and poles) set up a system of electro-magnetic system in space, as none was successful in proving that electric charge is absolutely static.

Answer 2

Static electricity refers to the accumulation of excess electric charge in a region with poor electrical conductivity (an insulator), such that the charge accumulation persists.

Dynamic electricity refers to the movement of the charges in good electrical conductors.