What is the principle of internet functioning?

Question

How does the mails sent received are kept in perfectly documented rather maintained and what is the time limit for storing these datas.

Answer 1

Not clear what you are asking.

What follows is a simplified description of internet mail, or SMTP email. There are other email systems such as Microsoft mail, Notes, others. However, these use SMTP to communicate to other systems.

When you send an email message, it is delivered to a server. The server will attempt to deliver it to the mail server for the recipient, and will continue to attempt to deliver it to that server until it can, or if not, after a number of days, it will be returned to the sender.

Now a different server has the mail. The recipient has to connect to his server and ask for the mail to be delivered to his computer. When he does that, the mail is sent from the server to the recipient's computer.

If the recipient does not request his mail, it stays on the server. How long the server stores it is up to whoever runs the server. It could be a few weeks, or a few years.

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Answer 2

Your ask is very wide, please, search for Client-Server Model for star learning

You, as a computer user use a Client Computer, bur main process run on Server Computer.

Internet Email Service has several possibilities. If the email box is maintained in the 'server computer' there are not limitation of time or capacity, if the owner of the server let that happen. With enough disk memory you could storage all person email in life, or even the whole enterprise emails, but in general you don't need to preserve for so long. In general the limit is based in the amount of memory the server has reserved for each email box. With large email boxes you could preserve email, at least for five years.

But, if you download your email box to your computer, the storage will be depend on you and how many disk space you own in your computer