What is the process of proximate analysis of coal ?

Question

What is the process of proximate analysis of coal ?

Answer 1

1.1 This practice covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash and the calculation of fixed carbon on coals and cokes sampled and prepared by prescribed methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures.

1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equpiment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use

Basis of Analysis



Definitions

As Received (ar): includes Total Moisture (TM)

Air Dried (ad): includes Inherent Moisture (IM) only

Dry Basis (db): excludes all Moisture

Dry Ash Free (daf): excludes all Moisture & Ash



The Proximate Analysis of any coal i.e. the % content of Moisture, Ash (A), Volatile Matter (VM), Fixed Carbon (FC) - also Sulphur (S) and Calorific Value (CV) - can be expressed on any of the above bases.



Conversions

To obtain:- Air Dry Dry Basis As Received  

- multiply

ar by:  (100 - IM%) /

(100 - TM%) 100 /

(100 - TM%)

  -  

ad by: -  100 /

(100 - IM%) (100 - TM%) /

(100 - IM%)

db by: (100 - IM%) /

100 - (100 - TM%) /

100



[For daf, multiply db by 100/(100-A)]



Example:

  ar ad db daf

TM 11.0 - - -

IM 2.0 2.0 -  -  

Ash 12.0 13.2 13.5 -

VM 30.0 33.0 33.7 39.0

FC 47.0 51.8 52.8 61.0

Sulphur 1.0  1.1 1.12 -