What role do protons and electrons play in bonding?

Question

much help pleaSE

Answer 1

Protons do not play a role in bonding. There are two types of bonds. Covalent bonds and Ionic bonds. Covalent bond is the sharing of electrons among atoms.Ionic bond happens when when an atom donates or receives an electron from another atom. This is to ensure that a stable electron arrangement is obtained.

Answer 2

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines what element the atom is.  Beyond that protons have little effect on bonding, other than to attract electrons and keep the atom intact.

Bonding is pretty much the realm of the electrons.  It is the sharing of electrons from each atom that define the chemical bond.  Because all bonds involve the sharing of electrons, we can go so far as to say that all bonds are covalent.  It's just that some are more polar that others and some are very, very polar.  It is the latter which take on some of the characteristics of an ionic bond.

But, in fact there are NO 100 percent ionic compounds. Even the bonds in CsF which have the greatest electronegativity difference (DEN) are 8 percent covalent.

More chemical bonds are covalent than are ionic. All bonds like along a continuum between ionic and covalent and have some characteristics of both. We choose an arbitrary point (where the electronegativity difference is above 2.0) to say that a bond is predominately ionic.

It is possible to compute the percent ionic character in a bond with the following formula:

percent ionic character = 100(1 - e^(-DEN^2/4) )