What roles did pastoral nomads have in world history and commerce?

Question

What roles did pastoral nomads have in world history and commerce?

maybe you could answer-

who

what

when

where

why

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Who:Aryans,Hittites, Scythians, Bulgars, Turks, Khazars, Mongols, Xiong-Nu, Avars, Toba, Seljuks, Mughals etc etc etc

What: Nomadic peoples in Central Asia who expanded out of their ancestral lands and conquered for a time sedentary peoples.

when: from when the first Indo-Europeans corraled horses to about the Manchu dynasty in China. Thousands of years.

where: Hmm. The furtherest the Mongols got into Europe was Poland and the Huns fought a battle in Chalons, France. The Mongol Empire was the largest land-based Empire ever. Ruling over 100 million people. It crushed Arab caliphates, Chinese dynasties and European feudal monarchs.

Why: Perhaps they expanded because of climatic changes. Which could cause the need for migration. Or perhaps there was too many people on the Steppes. Or they had banded together like the Turks and Mongols did to create a super-tribe or empire.

  IMPACT: Immense. Mongols crushed the Arab caliphates forever. A Hun invasion made Germanic tribes cross into the Roman Empire, causing the end of Roman power. Nomadic tribes destroyed many Asian dynasties and ruled huge empires like Mughal India and Yuan Dynasty China. Aryans destroyed the Indus River civilization and created the Persian people in modern day Iran. It's really endless.

Answer 3

Who: Cimmerians, Sycthians, Sarmatians, Huns, Avars, Magyars, Turks, Kipchaks, Mongols, and many others

What: Introduced horses large enough to ride, stirrups, trade routes between China and the West.

When: From ancient times to 1300 (the height of Mongol rule)

Where: The Eurasian step

Why: The steppe was very large so they had to come up with methods to facilitate transportation. Few resources besides horses on the steppe, led the nomads to raid civilization.

That's as much as I could fit into the 5Ws format. The pastoral nomads lived on the Eurasian steppe for thousands of years. They improved methods of commerce because, as I mentioned above, the steppe was very large, and they needed fast ways to get across it, and these methods were adopted for trade. They first bred horses large enough to ride, and the silk road ran through the steppe, which made the nomads important.

But they made other inventions that contributed to warfare. They depended on mounted warfare, so they invented horse archery, armored horsemen (the early basis of the knight), and the stirrup (which had a huge effect on world history, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stirr... Because of their skilled horse warfare, they were feared by the more "civilized" people (Attila the Hun and Genghis Khan are two nomad leaders). Nomads were a constant threat to the Persians (Scythians), overthrew Alexander the Great's Asian Empire (Parthians), helped end the Roman Empire (Huns), defeated the Arabs and Byzantines (Turks).

They conquered the massive Hun Empire (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huns_... ),

and the even more massive Mongol Empire (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co... )

The two nomadic groups most influencial in world history were probably the Turks and the Mongols. The Turks were a nomadic tribe that converted to Islam, and there attacks in the Middle East led to the Crusades. Later, they formed the Ottoman Empire, which, for a while, was one of the most powerful Empires in the world (and modern day Turkey is named for them). However, the Mongols, who mostly were not Muslims, were the bane of the Arabs, and destroyed many of the Arab kingdoms of the Middle East. They also founded a ruling dynasty in China (the Yuan Dynasty)

The pastoral nomads of the Eurasian steppe have been extremely influencial in history, though they are often overlooked. But there actions have caused the rise and fall of many kingdoms, and the invention of a lot of important technology.