What type of bonds occur between atoms? What about molecules?

Question

This is a two part question.

Sources are loved.

Scientific Explaination loved, also.

What type of bonds occur between atoms?

what types of bonds occur between molecules?

Answer 1

Between atoms there are 3 main types of bonding

ionic bonds - this is the name given to the electrostatic attraction between a positively charged ion (cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion). They form between metals and non-metals. Metals will lose electrons to from a cation and non-metals will gain electrons to form anions. So basically, a metal will give up it's electrons to a non-metal and and ionic bond forms.

covalent bonds - These types of bonds form between a non-metal and a non-metal. The bond forms when two or more atoms share electrons with each other to try and fill their outer electron shell. Each single covalent bond has 2 electrons in it that the atoms share. Depending on the atoms involved in the bond the electrons are not always shared equally. An atom that is very electronegative (ie it really, really wants more electrons), will pull the shared electrons more toward it, leaving the other atom without. In this case you get a slight +ve charge on the atom that is less electronegative and a slight -ve charge on the atom that is more electronegative. These are called polar covalent bonds.

Covalent bonds that form between atoms that have similar electronegativities are called non-polar bonds. They share theh electrons fairly evenly, so you don't end up with any -ve or +ve ends of the bond.

metallic bonds, form within metals. The outer shell electrons de-localise and the nucleus of the metal atoms are said to be floating in a "sea of electrons"

Between Molecules:

Molecules don't really form bonds, as such, with each other. But they do undergo varying degrees of attractive forces between each other.

dipole-diopole interactions.

These occur between polar molecules (see above in covalent explanation). Polar moleclues have a dipole moment (from +ve to -ve). The +ve end of a one molecule is attracted to the -ve end of another molecule. The strength of the interaction depends on how polar the molecules are.

One very special example of a dipole dipole interaction is so stong that it is given it's own name. This is Hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the Hydrogen of a (N-H, O-H or F-H) bond in one molecule and a N, O or F of another molecule. The polarity of theses three bonds is very strong, because N, O and F are extremely electronegative and the electrons in their bond with a Hydrogen are  pretty much "owned" by the electronegative atom. The dipole moment is very stong, and thus Hydrogen bonds are very strong. Hydrogen bonding is the reason that water has such a high bioling point, quite a lot of energy is required to break the hydrogen bonding to allow the water molecules into the gas phase.

The dipole of one molecule can also form an ion-dipole interaction with an oppositely charged ion.

There are other weaker forces but hope the above helps

Answer 2

Between atoms, close ones...they are a tight knit bunch.  Molecules on the other hand don't really get along so they try to stay away from each other.