Whats the kyoto protocol?

Question

whats the background.....how many nations are involved?..

what are the steps chosenby them...?

Answer 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Proto...

Its a climate change scam, which tried to get a number of countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  The result: Millions of dollars spent in a number of countries and no goals met.

Answer 2

The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases.

The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 160 countries globally and over 55% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

At its heart, the Kyoto Protocol establishes the following principles:

Kyoto is underwritten by governments and is governed by global legislation enacted under the UN’s aegis

Governments are separated into two general categories: developed countries, referred to as Annex I countries (who have accepted GHG emission reduction obligations and must submit an annual greenhouse gas inventory); and developing countries, referred to as Non-Annex I countries (who have no GHG emission reduction obligations but may participate in the Clean Development Mechanism).

Any Annex I country that fails to meet its Kyoto obligation will be penalized by having to submit 1.3 emission allowances in a second commitment period for every ton of GHG emissions they exceed their cap in the first commitment period (i.e, 2008-2012).

By 2008-2012, Annex I countries have to reduce their GHG emissions by an average of 5% below their 1990 levels (for many countries, such as the EU member states, this corresponds to some 15% below their expected GHG emissions in 2008). While the average emissions reduction is 5%, national limitations range from 8% reductions for the European Union to a 10% emissions increase for Iceland; but since the EU intends to meet its target by distributing different rates among its member states,[1] much larger increases (up to 27%) are allowed for some of the less developed EU countries (see below #Increase in GHG emission since 1990). Reduction limitations expire in 2013.

Kyoto includes "flexible mechanisms" which allow Annex I economies to meet their GHG emission limitation by purchasing GHG emission reductions from elsewhere. These can be bought either from financial exchanges (such as the new unrelated-to-Kyoto EU Emissions Trading Scheme) or from projects which reduce emissions in non-Annex I economies under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), or in other Annex-1 countries under the JI.

Only CDM Executive Board-accredited Certified Emission Reductions (CER) can be bought and sold in this manner. Under the aegis of the UN, Kyoto established this Bonn-based Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board to assess and approve projects (“CDM Projects”) in Non-Annex I economies prior to awarding CERs. (A similar scheme called “Joint Implementation” or “JI” applies in transitional economies mainly covering the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe).

What this means in practice is that Non-Annex I economies have no GHG emission restrictions, but when a GHG emission reduction project (a “GHG Project”) is implemented in these countries, that GHG Project will receive Carbon Credit which can be sold to Annex I buyers.

There is alot more to the Kyoto Protocol, so read the actual document for yourself at the link below.

Answer 3

WHAT'S THE KYOTO PROTOCOL / BACKGROUND

In short it's an agreement between nations to limit the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that they produce.  There's a lot more information on this Wikipedia page - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Proto...

NATIONS THAT HAVE RATIFIED THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

Albania

Algeria

Antigua

Arabia

Argentina

Armenia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Botswana

Brazil

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Cape Verde

Chile

China

Colombia

Cook Islands

Costa Rica

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Democratic Republic of Congo

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Ethiopia

Fiji

Finland

France

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kenya

Kiribati

Kuwait

Krygyzstan

Laos

Latvia

Lesotho

Liberia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Macedonia

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mali

Malta

Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Micronesia

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Niue

North Korea

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Palau

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Romania

Russian Federation

Rwanda

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and Grenadines

Samoa

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Seychelles

Singapore

Slovakia

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

South Africa

South Korea

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Swaziland

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic

Tanzania

Thailand

Togo

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Turkmenistan

Tuvalu

United Arab Emirates

Uganda

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Venezuela

Vietnam

Yemen

Zambia

NATIONS THAT HAVE NOT RATIFIED THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

Australia

United States

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Although the US as a nation has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol the following cities are voluntarily abiding by the terms...

Albany, CA

Albany, NY

Albuquerque, NM

Alexandria, LA

Alexandria, VA

Aliso Viejo, CA

Atlanta, GA

Ann Arbor, MI

Annapolis, MD

Apple Valley, MN

Arcata, CA

Arlington, TX

Ashland, WI

Ashville, NC

Aspen, CO

Athens, GA

Auburn, WA

Austin, TX

Bainbridge Island, WA

Baltimore, MD

Bayonne, NJ

Bellevue, NE

Bellingham, WA

Berkeley, CA

Billings, MT

Bloomfield, NJ

Boston, MA

Boulder, CO

Brick Township, NJ

Bridgeport, CN

Brooklyn, OH

Buffalo, NY

Burbank, CA

Burien, WA

Burlington, VT

Cambridge, MA

Capitola, CA

Carol Stream, IL

Chapel Hill, NC

Charleston, SC

Charlottesville, VA

Chevy Chase, MD

Chicago, IL

Chino, CA

Clayton, MO

Cloverdale, CA

Columbus, IN

Corvallis, OR

Cotati, CA

Dayton, OH

Del Mar, CA

Denton, TX

Denver, CO

Des Moines, IA

Dublin, CA

Duluth, MN

Durham, NC

East Point, GA

Easton, CN

Eden Prairie, MN

Edmonds, WA

Elizabeth, NJ

Erie, PA

Eugene, OR

Euless, TX

Fairfield, CN

Fayetteville, AR

Florissant, MO

Fort Wayne, IN

Fremont, CA

Gainesville, FL

Garfield Heights, OH

Gary, IN

Grand Rapids, MI

Greenfield, WI

Hallandale Beach, FL

Hamden, CN

Hamilton, NJ

Hartford, CN

Hayward, CA

Healdsburg, CA

Hemet, CA

Hempstead, NY

Highland Park, IL

Hightstown, NJ

Hilo, HA

Holly Hill, FL

Hollywood, FL

Honolulu, HA

Hope, NJ

Hopewell, NJ

Hurst, TX

Irvine, CA

Issaquah, WA

Ithaca, NY

Kansas City, MO

Kauai, HA

Kearny, NJ

Keene, NH

Key Biscayne, FL

Key West, FL

Kirkland, WA

La Crosse, WI

Lacey, WA

Lake Oswego, OR

Lakewood, CA

Laredo, TX

Las Vegas, NV

Lauderhill, FL

Lawrence, KS

Lexington, KY

Lincoln, NE

Little Rock, AR

Long Beach, CA

Los Angeles, CA

Louisville, KY

Lynnwood, WA

Macon, GA

Madison, WI

Malden, MA

Manchester, NH

Mansfield, CN

Moab, UT

Maplewood, MO

Maui, HA

McKinney, TX

Medford, MA

Miami, FL

Michigan City, IN

Middletown, CN

Middletown, OH

Minneapolis, MN

Miramar, FL

Missoula, MT

Monterey Park, CA

Morgan Hill, CA

Mount Vernon, NY

Nashua, NH

New Haven, CN

New Orleans, LA

New York City, NY

Newark, NJ

Newark, NJ

Newton, MA

Niagara Falls, NY

Norman North, OK

North Little Rock, AR

Novato, CA

Oakland, CA

Olympia, WA

Omaha, NE

Palo Alto, CA

Park City, UT

Pawtucket, RI

Pembroke Pines, FL

Petaluma, CA

Philadelphia, PA

Plainfield, NJ

Plainfield, NJ

Pleasanton, CA

Port St Lucie, FL

Portland, OR

Providence, RI

Racine, WI

Redmond, WA

Renton, WA

Richmond, CA

Robbinsville, NJ

Rochester, NY

Rockville Center, NY

Rohnert Park, CA

Sacramento, CA

Salt Lake City, UT

San Bruno, CA

San Francisco, CA

San Jose, CA

San Leandro, CA

San Luis Obispo, CA

Santa Barbara, CA

Santa Cruz, CA

Santa Monica, CA

Santa Rosa, CA

Schaumburg, IL

Schenectady, NY

Seattle, WA

Sebastopol, CA

Somerville, MA

Sonoma, CA

Southfield, MI

St Louis, MO

St Paul, MN

Stamford, CN

Stockton, CA

Sumter, SC

Sunnyvale, CA

Sunrise, FL

Sunset Hills, MO

Tacoma, WA

Tallahassee, FL

Tamarack, FL

Telluride, CO

Thousand Oaks, CA

Toledo, OH

Topeka, KS

University City, MO

Vancouver, WA

Vallejo, CA

Virginia Beach, VA

Warwick, RI

Washburn, WI

Washington DC

Waukegan, IL

Wauwatosa, WI

West Allis, WI

West Hollywood, CA

West Palm Beach, FL

Westfield, NJ

White Plains, NY

Wilmington, DE

Windsor, CA

Worcester, MA

Answer 4

The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases.

The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 160 countries globally and over 55% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Answer 5

it is an agreement under the united nations framework conventions on climate change. it covers more than  160 countries globally and over 55% greenhouse gas emissons. all the countries which are part of the agreement have committed to  reducing their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. the objective of this is to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. it should be at such a level that it would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.