When is Indian summer & dog days of summer?

Question

For the state of WV. Thanks

Answer 1

Indian summer is in autumn, usually in October.  Dog days of summer are when the summer weather is at its hottest, which is about now.  

Answer 2

The Dog Days of Summer

    Everyone knows that the �dog days of summer� occur during the hottest and muggiest part of the season.

    1 : the period between early July and early September when the hot sultry weather of summer usually occurs in the northern hemisphere

    2 : a period of stagnation or inactivity

    But where does the term come from? Why do we call the hot, sultry days of summer �dog days?�

    In ancient times, when the night sky was unobscured by artificial lights and smog, different groups of peoples in different parts of the world drew images in the sky by �connecting the dots� of stars. The images drawn were dependent upon the culture: The Chinese saw different images than the Native Americans, who saw different pictures than the Europeans. These star pictures are now called constellations, and the constellations that are now mapped out in the sky come from our European ancestors.

    They saw images of bears, (Ursa Major and Ursa Minor), twins, (Gemini), a bull, (Taurus), and others, including dogs, (Canis Major and Canis Minor).

    The brightest of the stars in Canis Major (the big dog) is Sirius, which also happens to be the brightest star in the night sky. In fact, it is so bright that the ancient Romans thought that the earth received heat from it. Look for it in the southern sky (viewed from northern latitudes) during January.

    In the summer, however, Sirius, the �dog star,� rises and sets with the sun. During late July Sirius is in conjunction with the sun, and the ancients believed that its heat added to the heat of the sun, creating a stretch of hot and sultry weather. They named this period of time, from 20 days before the conjunction to 20 days after, �dog days� after the dog star.

    The conjunction of Sirius with the sun varies somewhat with latitude. And the �precession of the equinoxes� (a gradual drifting of the constellations over time) means that the constellations today are not in exactly the same place in the sky as they were in ancient Rome. Today, dog days occur during the period between July 3 and August 11. Although it is certainly the warmest period of the summer, the heat is not due to the added radiation from a far-away star, regardless of its brightness. No, the heat of summer is a direct result of the earth's tilt.

Indian summer

"A time interval, in mid- or late autumn, of unseasonably warm weather, generally with clear skies, sunny but hazy days, and cool nights. In New England, at least one killing frost and preferably a substantial period of normally cool weather must precede this warm spell in order for it to be considered a true "Indian summer." It does not occur very year; and in some years tow or three Indian summers may occur."

The term "Indian Summer" dates back to the 18th century in the United States. It can be defined as "any spell of warm, quiet, hazy weather that may occur in October or even early November."

Basically, autumn is a transition season as the thunderstorms and severe weather of the summer give way to a tamer, calmer weather period before the turbulence of the winter commences.