Where would a low pressure at the surface be located on a long wave trough and a short wave?

Question

trough?

Answer 1

The longwave and short-wave pattern, locations of the main upper troughs and ridges, will always contribute to the location of where the surface high and lows will be.  However, there are many other factors that will help determine where the strongest surface highs and lows will be.  For this reason, without knowing additional weather information, it would be difficult to give you a complete answer.  

However, I can say that in many cases, the locally lowest surface pressures are usually found along and/or near the advancing boundary of the short-wave.  And the highest local surface pressure are usually found just behind the boundary of a shortwave. It is much more complex if you add in other factors.