Which of the following statments describe the ottoman and safavid empires?

Question

a)both were ruled by a caliph

b)both were persecuted non-Muslims

c)both preserved peace

d)both based their government on muslim traditions

Answer 1

A is out because the Ottoman Empire was ruled by a Sultan and not a Caliph (though the Ottoman Sultans used this title, it was little more than symbolic window dressing by the time the state was dismantled in 1923, and they also preferred to use their state office to maintain control rather than their religious one), and the Safavid Empire was ruled by a Shah. B is out because the Ottomans allowed the practice of other faiths (in contrast, the Shia Muslim Safavids even persecuted Sunni Muslims who didn't accept their own beliefs). Both empires also engaged in expansionist wars from time to time. As such, D seems like the best answer.