Who was the most significant thinker of the 1500 century?

Question

Who was the most significant thinker of the 1500 century?

Answer 1

Erasmus lived and worked into the 16th Century, but I think that he deserves consideration.

Answer 2

I like Cardano. He was the first ever mathematician/doctor to ever come up with a theory of probability and randomness. Ex. the odds of getting a 6 when throwing a dice in 1/6 not at the whim of the Gods. His theory's are still used today.