The National Bureau of Economic Research, which is responsible for defining recession in the US states the following, "The NBER does not define a recession in terms of two consecutive quarters of decline in real GDP. Rather, a recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales."
http://www.nber.org/cycles/
For example, the 2000 recession of the Clinton era did not follow the definition of two consecutive terms of negative growth, but incorporated a plethora of factors.
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