Question:

Why does water form beaded droplets on surface such as leaves, waxed car hoods and waxed paper?

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which intermolecular force is active?

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  1. Water has a high level of surface tension. This means that the molecules on the surface of the water are not surrounded by similar molecules on all sides, so they're being pulled only by cohesion from other molecules deep inside. These molecules cohere to each other strongly but adhere to the other medium weakly. One example of this is the way that water beads up on waxy surfaces, such as leaves or waxed cars. Surface tension makes these water drops round so they cover the smallest possible surface area.

    EDIT:

    Hydrogen bonds that occur between molecules that have a permanent net dipole resulting from hydrogen being covalently bonded oxygen.  Hydrogen bonds operate between water (H2O) molecules.

    Hydrogen bonds are a stronger intermolecular force than either Dispersion forces or dipole-dipole interactions since the hydrogen nucleus is extremely small and positively charged.


  2. Liquid water has a fairly high surface tension.  Because the 2 hydrogen atoms are on one end of the water molecule and the oxygen the other end one side of the molecule (H  side) has a slight positive charge.  The O2 end has a slight negative charge.  So there is a constant (though  always changing) attraction between water molecules.  The reason the surface tension forms beads is because a spherical shape encloses the most water with the least surface.  So the cut off (truncated) spherical shape is the most energy economic to enclose a volume of water.

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