Why don't dedicated 220v pool pumps need a GFI (or do some)?

Question

I have a 220v pool pump using a 2-pole 20A breaker. I want to install a GFI breaker. My questions are: why don't pool pumps all use GFIs? Is there any downside installing a GFI breaker if code does not require it?

Answer 1

All pool related equipment MUST be GFCI protected.

According to Article 680.22 (A) (5) of the 2005 NEC, this pump requires a GFCI protected receptacle, if it is cord and plug connected. The Code does not require that a single phase, 240 Volt pool pump that is "hard-wired" be GFCI protected, but I have never seen a residential pool pump that was not cord & plug connected, except for "in-ground" installations; these were still installed with GFCI Protection, as it was required by the Manufacturer.

I never like to see home owners doing their own pool installations; I don't even like to see licensed electricians doing installations if they are not a large part of their business. While I don't see why it is so hard to do a safe, Code compliant installation, I am sad to say that I have never had a pool installation pass the first time an installer has done one in my Jurisdiction.

A lot of the problem seems to be confusion over the differences, and the reasons behind, "bonding" & "grounding". A lot of people (licensed contractors included) can't seem to purchase listed clamps for bonding to pool walls, rebar, conduit, or other equipment. (I do know of one or two Inspectors who wrongly require ground rods be driven as part of the pool's "bonding grid", so nobody is perfect.)

Where the pool has a sub-panel that is remote from the main dwelling, the panel is then defined by the Building Code as a separate structure. Panels in or at, accessory structures are required to be bonded to a single grounding electrode when more than one circuit is supplied by that panel.

If you insist on doing your own wiring, consult with your local Building Official or Electrical Inspector, then make certain you understand Article 680 (Parts I & II), and follow all of the Manufacturer’s Installation Instructions completely. Get a double-pole 20 Amp GFCI breaker (or larger, if it is to feed a separate panel for the pool). Be sure the overcurrent device is approved by the panel manufacturer for use in your home's panel.

Remember, the Code does not allow GFCI protected conductors to be run in the same raceway with non-GFCI protected conductors; and check all local Amendments to the NEC. Then, read Article 90.1 (C), and think again about hiring a qualified, licensed professional.

Also, the Code never really uses the term "dedicated circuit" - it refers to single appliance branch circuits or individual branch circuits. In the 2008 NEC, almost all 120Volt circuits will require some form of additional protection; basically, if the circuit does not have GFCI protection, it must have AFCI protection. A hydromassage tub in a master bedroom will require BOTH.

Answer 2

Where do you live?

Where I live, it is code to have a GFI

Answer 3

GFI are a 'code item' in many areas but not all.