Jason Remigio III
Colorado Technical University Online
SCI205-0802B-11: Environmental Science
Julie R. Hens
May 28, 2008
Phase 1 Individual Project Task 2
Global Warming Effect
The population of this Easter Island peaked around more than 10,000 which had exceeded the capabilities of the small island’s ecosystem, Admiral Roggeveen came upon the island in 1722, when first discovered by a known civilization he name it Easter Island that we as came to known today. Easter Island was an thriving and advanced social order of what has started to decline into a bloody civil war, which was cannibalism was once a remnant of an lost continent or an extra-terrestrial influence and the archaeological evidence turned it in that it started around 400 A.D. and the island was long discovered by the Polynesians. Their written language was written in Oceania and the resources became scarce and once flourishing palm forests were destroyed. The island population was a disaster to slavery and disease. Easter Island was an epiphany of an ecological disaster (Brookman, 2007). Forests have provided a habitat for plant and animal species, as we move into the 21st century, as we Americans are addicted to oil it has destroyed the rainforests in its continuing funding of dirty coal by major banks which can and must end. A major “big word†that has contributed in destroying the rainforests was the rapid proliferation of soy and palm oil plantations owned by U.S. agribusiness. The tropical rainforests are starting to disappear at an alarming rate of 100,000 acres per day which poses a major threat to the tropical Amazon rainforest the world’s largest intact rainforest. The rainforest is the best weapon in curbing climate change so it doesn’t further the weather effects of global warming, greenhouses gases going into the atmosphere has become intensive. Brazil is the world’s fourth largest emitter and also has accounted for three-quarters of greenhouses gases emissions that have come from Brazil which has affected the world in deforestation. The releasing process of not only carbon dioxide, but also methane, a far more potent greenhouse gas, however, the industrial agricultural plantations converts vital carbon sink into a dangerous greenhouse gas emitter. Rainforests does it can to curb off climate change by storing carbon from where it originated this helps regulate global weather patterns that is why moisture coming from the rainforests produces rain that travels far away from the tropic ecosystem (Rainforest Action Network, 1995-2008).
Our planet Earth’s ocean only 95 percent underwater is still uncharted it is the undiscovered county while 71 of the Earth’s ocean covers the planet surface and 97 percent of the planet is mainly of water. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), now aims to make 21st century technology the Achilles heel in observing, and predicting as it protects the planet by providing scientists with scientific information to make a sound policy on their decision-making process. They test our oceans which supports 20 percent of the animal protein and 5 percent total of the human diet protein, while only nearly 50 percent of all life on Earth these species helps to sustain life with the necessary protein. Monitoring our oceans such as shipping of the ocean and lake-dependent industries we provide them with helpful information to make better informed decisions on the long-term success and consistent monitoring the oceans’ understanding of its role and to improve its sanitation. There are many oceans and lakes in many integral parts of the Earth’s system which includes weather and climate changes (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008). From the effects of human activities on the ecosystems that have made an impact on creating more pollutants in the marine environment, scientists now have network of buoys, tidal stations, and satellite to measure the stats on the ocean and Great Lakes of its state of status, they have used this type of information to raised serious questions of dynamics behind climate change using combined data of weather and climate data (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008). Upon exploring the unknown ocean while using and developing advanced technology for discoveries of new undersea habitats, communities, species, phenomena and greater understanding of ecosystems. As for the weather the NOAA monitors the climate change to the weather due to global warming also, also monitors the sun to the seas, the National Weather Service provides local and regional forecasts, and emergency alerts for severe storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, extreme heat, fire threats, and tsunamis. Their job is to plan for response to climate variability and change focused on providing a predictive understanding of the global climate system. And the short-term climate fluctuations and provides information on the effects of climate patterns can have on the nation (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008). Coasts have rich living and non-living marine resources which can sustain the prosperity and economic growth nationwide it has encompassed the oceans and coasts, bays, estuaries and the Great Lakes as these numbers will start to continue to grow. They protect the preserves, and manage and restores and enhances the nation’s coastal resources and ecosystems along the United States shoreline stretching to a distance of 95,439 miles (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008).
Up to date information, as a result of emissions from fossil-fuel burning, and a carbon cycle model computes the time evolution of atmospheric CO2 as the residual between emissions and uptake by land and ocean. As in concern for the global carbon cycle, nonetheless, it was intimately embedded in the physical climate system and tightly interconnected with human activities; it was the consequence of the climate, the carbon cycle, and humans are linked in a network of feedbacks, of which only those between the physical climate system and the carbon cycle. According to the Hadley Centre Model, the carbon-climate feedback reaches 980 parts per million, leading to an average near-surface warming of +5 Kelvin, while the IPSL model attains only 780 parts per million and a warming of + 3 Kelvin. This can be traced to the higher sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to warming in the Hadley Centre model, and to the larger ocean uptake in the IPSL model. The interactions of the physical climate system with the global carbon cycle, as for example, the emissions from land use changes are prescribed as an external input, and the associated changes in land cover are not explicitly modeled. They are at risk of losing large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere as a result of changing climate and the human drivers. The increasing fossil-fuel emissions and their redistribution of the three major reservoirs of the global carbon cycle from 1920 to 2100 as risen dramatically as read in the Earth’s system models. Carbon pools may be vulnerable during this century, the total amount of carbon stored in these pools is very large, 2 to 5 times large then the current atmosphere. The consequence would be a major increase in atmospheric CO2 and hence a severe reduction of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions permitted, if the atmosphere is not to exceed a certain target CO2 concentration. There is a belief of the majority of the feedbacks within the carbon-climate-human system are positive, it was also believed it also lead to an acceleration of the greenhouse gas-induced climate change. The present day global carbon cycle and its anthropogenic CO2 perturbation, scientists have the understanding of how the carbon cycle will evolve in the 21st century. It is projected a mean warning of 1.3 degrees Celsius for the mid-21st century in the range of years in the year 2021 thru 2050 which is relative to the 1961 to 1990 average, with a range from + 0.8 degrees Celsius to + 1.7 degrees Celsius. The effect of sulphate aerosols whiles the effect from greenhouses gases alone would be about 0.3 degrees Celsius higher. The mean global surface temperature is projected to increase by 3.0 degrees Celsius with a range from 1.3 degrees Celsius to 4.5 degrees Celsius. During the general pattern of warming is somewhat uniform across a large range of models and generally consists of maximum warming at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Ocean as the minimum. A slowing of deforestation has the same effect as a decrease in fossil emissions or an increase in land or ocean sink (Field, Raupach, 2004).
The net contribution to atmospheric CO2 can be positive or negative and a cooling effect that may be larger than the warming related to the CO2 release. The postglacial warming of about 5 degrees Kelvin occurred over 10,000 years, on the other hand, global warming over the next century might result in a similar temperature change, but over in a timescale over 100 years. When this climate perturbation is starting to be likely to occur at a rate exceeding the capacity of a plant species to adapt resulting in a total rearrangement of species and communities, as this change is resulting in transient carbon loss but can be recovered over time. In the Northern Hemisphere may lead to a warming to a forest dieback at the southern boundaries of presently forested regions. In certain cases of spring and fall temperatures have been increasing may extend the growing season of temperate and boreal ecosystems, in such cases, invasive species could spread in these regions. As for the tropics, warming increased aridity may lead to a size reduction of the tropical forests. Soil carbon is by far the largest carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystems (Field, Raupach, 2004). The climate drivers include temperature effects on carbon and other greenhouse gases mainly CH4 fluxes including changes in hydrology can have pronounced effects on both carbon and greenhouse gas fluxes as for the temperature increases stimulate both CO2 and methane emissions have changes in the water table while the contrasting effects on those two fluxes. The global warming potential of methane is about 20 times larger than that of CO2; otherwise a change in the ratio of methane CO2 respiration will have a climate impact. Current climate models have tended to show the warming of the surface ocean, together with a decrease in high latitude salinity as a result of increased precipitation. Will lead to a reduction in the surface ocean density relative to that of the underlying waters, thereby increasing vertical stratification and what will this mean that the atmosphere climate will dramatically change in effects of severe storms, multiple tornadoes, and hurricanes forming over land, ice storms, and other natural disaster weathers that hasn’t been experienced. The effect is to change global warming is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, for instance, as the uses of fossil-fuel to run our cars which releases as more carbon into the atmosphere. In reducing this chance is very impossible, we cannot get off the use of automobiles in releasing more carbon into the atmosphere (Field, Raupach, 2004).
Bibliography
Brookman, D.Y. (2007). Easter Island Home Page. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from Iorana Welcome Page Web site: http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/rapanui.html.
Rainforest Action Network, (RAN) (1995-2008). Rainforest Agribusiness. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from Rainforest Action Network: The Understory - The Official Blog of RAN Web site: http://ran.org/campaigns/rainforest_agribusiness/resources/fact_sheets/growing_disaster_how_agribusiness_expansion_into_rainforests_is_threatening_the_climate/.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA) (2008). Ocean . Retrieved May 28, 2008, from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA) (2008). Weather . Retrieved May 28, 2008, from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: http://www.noaa.gov/wx.html.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA) (2008). Climate. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: http://www.noaa.gov/climate.html.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA) (2008). Coasts. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: http://www.noaa.gov/coasts.html.
Field, C.B., & Raupach , M.R. (2004). Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate, and the Natural World . Island Press, Retrieved May 28, 2008, from http://wf2dnvr3.webfeat.org/.
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